# Sanitary Pad Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Composition

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to provide comfort and protection during menstruation. The effectiveness of these products largely depends on the quality and combination of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose to ensure absorption, comfort, and hygiene.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven fabric (polypropylene or polyethylene)
– Perforated film
– Cotton-like materials

Key functions:
– Provides a soft, comfortable surface
– Allows quick liquid penetration
– Keeps the skin dry
– Prevents irritation

### 2. Acquisition-Distribution Layer (ADL)

This middle layer plays a crucial role in liquid management:

– Usually composed of synthetic fibers or cellulose
– May include superabsorbent polymers (SAP)

Primary purposes:
– Quickly absorbs menstrual flow
– Distributes liquid evenly
– Prevents backflow to the surface

### 3. Absorbent Core

The heart of the sanitary pad’s functionality:

– Main materials:
– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both

Absorption mechanism:
– Fluff pulp provides initial absorption
– SAP particles gelify and lock in moisture
– Can absorb many times their weight in liquid

### 4. Back Sheet

The waterproof bottom layer:

– Typically made of:
– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous film
– Non-woven/film composites

Essential features:
– Prevents leaks
– May allow some breathability
– Provides structural integrity

### 5. Adhesive Components

Various adhesives serve different purposes:

– Body adhesive (keeps pad in place)
– Packaging adhesive (seals wings if present)
– Layer bonding adhesives (hot melt or pressure-sensitive)

## Specialized Materials in Premium Pads

### 1. Odor Control Agents

– Activated charcoal
– Baking soda
– Special polymers

### 2. Antimicrobial Treatments

– Silver ions
– Plant extracts (tea tree, aloe vera)
– Synthetic antimicrobial agents

### 3. Wing Materials

– Non-woven fabrics
– Special adhesives for secure attachment

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments focus on sustainable materials:

– Biodegradable top sheets (PLA fibers)
– Organic cotton alternatives
– Chlorine-free fluff pulp
– Plant-based SAP alternatives

## Quality and Safety Standards

All sanitary pad materials must meet strict regulations:

– FDA approval for direct skin contact
– Absence of harmful chemicals (dioxins, pesticides)
– Dermatologically tested
– Hypoallergenic formulations

## Conclusion

The combination of these carefully selected materials creates a product that effectively manages menstrual flow while providing comfort and protection. Ongoing research continues to improve the performance, comfort, and environmental profile of sanitary pad components, leading to better products for women worldwide.