# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The quality and performance of these products largely depend on their raw material composition. Understanding the materials used in sanitary pad production helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Soft, breathable materials with good moisture-wicking properties

Key properties: Softness, breathability, quick-drying capability, and hypoallergenic qualities

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most critical component responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Blends of pulp and SAP in varying ratios

Properties: High absorption capacity, retention under pressure, and liquid distribution

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and provides structural integrity. Materials include:

– Polyethylene films
– Breathable microporous films
– Cloth-like materials for premium products

Properties: Liquid impermeability, flexibility, and breathability (in premium products)

### 4. Adhesives

Various adhesives serve different functions:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for pad attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding
– Construction adhesives for structural integrity

Properties: Strong bonding, skin-friendliness, and stability under various conditions

## Additional Components

### 1. Release Paper

Protects the adhesive before use, typically made from:

– Silicon-coated paper
– Plastic films

### 2. Side Barriers

Prevent side leakage in some designs, made from:

– Non-woven materials
– Elastic components

### 3. Fragrance Components (Optional)

Some pads include:

– Microencapsulated fragrances
– Natural essential oils

## Material Properties and Performance

The performance of sanitary pads depends on several material properties:

### 1. Absorption Capacity

Determined by the type and amount of SAP and pulp used. Higher SAP content generally means better absorption.

### 2. Retention Under Pressure

Important for comfort during movement. SAP helps maintain absorption even when compressed.

### 3. Dryness Feel

Affected by the top sheet material’s ability to wick moisture away from the skin.

### 4. Breathability

Prevents heat and moisture buildup, reducing discomfort and irritation.

### 5. Softness

Particularly important for the top sheet to prevent skin irritation.

## Environmental Considerations

Modern sanitary pad materials are evolving to address environmental concerns:

– Biodegradable top sheets from plant-based materials
– Organic cotton options
– Reduced plastic content
– Compostable back sheets

## Safety and Regulatory Aspects

All materials must comply with:

– FDA regulations (for US market)
– EU cosmetic regulations
– Local health and safety standards
– Dermatological testing requirements

## Future Material Trends

Emerging material innovations include:

– Bamboo fiber components
– Aloe vera-infused layers
– Antibacterial treatments
– Smart materials that indicate saturation

Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary pad raw materials helps consumers choose products that best meet their needs while supporting ongoing innovation in feminine hygiene technology.