# Sanitary Napkins Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary napkins, also known as sanitary pads, are essential hygiene products used by women during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production and their properties is crucial for ensuring comfort, safety, and effectiveness. This article delves into the composition and properties of the raw materials commonly used in sanitary napkins.

## Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

The primary components of sanitary napkins include the top sheet, absorbent core, back sheet, and adhesive. Each of these components is made from specific materials that contribute to the overall functionality of the product.

### Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is typically made from non-woven fabric or perforated film. The materials used must be soft, breathable, and hypoallergenic to prevent irritation and ensure comfort.

### Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most critical part of the sanitary napkin, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is usually composed of a blend of fluff pulp and superabsorbent polymers (SAP). Fluff pulp provides bulk and initial absorption, while SAP enhances the capacity to retain liquid, preventing leakage.

### Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary napkin, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. It is commonly made from polyethylene film, which is waterproof and flexible. Some back sheets may also include a breathable microporous film to enhance comfort.

### Adhesive

Adhesive is used to secure the sanitary napkin to the underwear. It is typically a pressure-sensitive adhesive that is strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to be removed without leaving residue or causing damage to clothing.

## Properties of Raw Materials

The properties of the raw materials used in sanitary napkins are carefully selected to meet the demands of comfort, safety, and performance.

### Softness and Comfort

The top sheet and absorbent core must be soft to prevent irritation and ensure comfort during use. Non-woven fabrics and fluff pulp are chosen for their gentle texture and ability to conform to the body’s contours.

### Absorbency and Retention

The absorbent core’s ability to quickly absorb and retain menstrual fluid is crucial. Superabsorbent polymers are highly effective in this regard, as they can absorb many times their weight in liquid and lock it away to prevent leakage.

### Breathability

Breathability is essential to prevent moisture buildup and maintain skin health. Materials like perforated films and microporous back sheets allow air to circulate, reducing the risk of irritation and discomfort.

### Hypoallergenic Properties

Given the sensitive nature of the skin in the genital area, hypoallergenic materials are used to minimize the risk of allergic reactions. Non-woven fabrics and adhesives are often tested for skin compatibility to ensure they are safe for prolonged use.

### Environmental Considerations

With increasing awareness of environmental issues, manufacturers are exploring eco-friendly materials for sanitary napkins. Biodegradable and compostable options are being developed to reduce the environmental impact of disposable menstrual products.

## Conclusion

The composition and properties of raw materials used in sanitary napkins are meticulously chosen to provide comfort, safety, and effectiveness. From the soft top sheet to the highly absorbent core and the waterproof back sheet, each component plays a vital role in ensuring a positive user experience. As technology advances, we can expect further innovations in materials that enhance performance while addressing environmental concerns.