# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with superabsorbent polymers (SAP) to enhance its capacity.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These synthetic materials can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their mass. SAPs are crucial for preventing leakage and ensuring dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid penetration. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyethylene, nonwoven fabrics are soft, breathable, and allow for rapid liquid transfer.
– **Perforated Films**: These are thin plastic films with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Films**: These are waterproof and provide an effective barrier against leaks. They are also flexible and comfortable.
– **Breathable Films**: These allow air to pass through while still preventing liquid leakage, enhancing comfort and reducing the risk of skin irritation.

## 4. Adhesives

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad to the underwear. They must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to be easily removed without leaving residue. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhere to surfaces upon the application of light pressure and are commonly used for the wings of sanitary pads.

## 5. Fragrances and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these are optional and can sometimes cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Common additives include:

– **Aloe Vera**: Known for its soothing properties, aloe vera is sometimes added to reduce skin irritation.
– **Fragrances**: These are used to provide a pleasant scent but should be used cautiously to avoid allergic reactions.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to balance absorbency, comfort, and safety. From the absorbent core to the back sheet, each component plays a vital role in ensuring the effectiveness and comfort of the product. Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers to innovate and improve their products.