# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential personal care products designed to provide comfort and hygiene during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with superabsorbent polymers (SAP) to enhance its capacity.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These synthetic materials can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. SAPs are crucial for maintaining dryness and preventing leakage.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, non-irritating, and quick-drying. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyethylene, these fabrics are designed to be soft and breathable while allowing fluid to pass through quickly.
– **Perforated Films**: These are thin plastic films with tiny holes that allow fluid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A waterproof material that is flexible and durable, ensuring that the pad does not leak.
– **Breathable Films**: These materials allow air to circulate, reducing the risk of skin irritation and discomfort.

## 4. Adhesives

Adhesives are used to keep the sanitary pad in place. They must be strong enough to hold the pad securely but gentle enough to be removed without causing skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives stick to surfaces when pressure is applied, making them easy to use and remove.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is used to protect the adhesive before the pad is used. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This type of paper is easy to peel off and ensures that the adhesive remains effective until the pad is ready to be used.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Materials

The materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure they perform effectively:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain menstrual fluid is crucial for comfort and hygiene.
– **Softness**: Materials must be gentle on the skin to prevent irritation and discomfort.
– **Breathability**: Good air circulation helps to reduce the risk of skin irritation and keeps the user comfortable.
– **Leakage Protection**: The materials must work together to prevent any leakage, ensuring the user stays dry and confident.
– **Biodegradability**: With increasing environmental concerns, there is a growing demand for materials that are biodegradable and eco-friendly.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide optimal performance, comfort, and hygiene. Understanding these materials and their properties can help consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve their products.