# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The quality and comfort of these products largely depend on the raw materials used in their production. Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary pad materials helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene (most common)
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or bamboo fiber blends

Key properties:
• Soft and comfortable texture
• Quick-drying surface
• Hypoallergenic materials
• Breathable structure

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Cotton or rayon fibers
– Bamboo charcoal fibers

Absorption characteristics:
• High liquid retention capacity
• Rapid absorption rate
• Excellent distribution properties
• Minimal rewetting

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and provides structural integrity. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable materials like PLA

Important features:
• Liquid-proof barrier
• Flexible yet durable
• Some offer breathability
• May include adhesive strips

## Additional Components

### 4. Adhesives

• Body-facing adhesives for secure placement
• Packaging adhesives
• Should be skin-friendly and non-irritating

### 5. Release Paper

• Protects adhesive before use
• Typically silicone-coated paper

### 6. Side Barriers

• Prevent side leakage
• Often made of non-woven materials

## Material Properties and Performance

### Absorption Capacity

The combination of fluff pulp and SAP determines absorption:
• Fluff pulp provides quick absorption
• SAP offers high retention (can absorb 30-60 times its weight)

### Comfort Factors

• Top sheet softness (measured by textile testing)
• Breathability (moisture vapor transmission rate)
• Flexibility and conformability

### Safety Considerations

• pH-balanced materials
• Free from harmful chemicals
• Dermatologically tested
• Hypoallergenic formulations

## Emerging Material Trends

Recent developments include:
• Organic cotton topsheets
• Bamboo charcoal-infused layers
• Biodegradable backsheets
• Plant-based SAP alternatives
• Antibacterial treatments

## Environmental Considerations

Manufacturers are increasingly focusing on:
• Sustainable sourcing
• Reduced material usage
• Biodegradable options
• Recyclable components

Understanding these material compositions and properties helps in selecting sanitary pads that offer optimal comfort, protection, and safety while meeting individual needs and environmental concerns.