# Sanitary Pad Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Composition

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow and provide comfort during periods. The effectiveness of these products largely depends on the quality and combination of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose to ensure absorption, comfort, and protection.

## Top Layer: The Contact Surface

The top layer, which comes in direct contact with the skin, is typically made from:

– Non-woven fabric: A breathable material that allows quick liquid penetration while keeping the surface dry
– Perforated plastic film: Provides a dry-feel surface and prevents backflow
– Silk-like materials: Offer extra softness for sensitive skin

This layer must be soft, hypoallergenic, and allow rapid fluid transfer to the absorbent core below.

## Absorbent Core: The Heart of the Pad

The middle layer handles the primary absorption function and usually contains:

– Fluff pulp: A highly absorbent wood-based material that forms the bulk of the core
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP): Tiny crystals that can absorb many times their weight in liquid
– Airlaid paper: Helps distribute the liquid evenly throughout the pad

The combination of these materials determines the pad’s absorption capacity and retention properties.

## Back Layer: Protection and Adhesion

The bottom layer serves as a barrier and includes:

– Polyethylene film: Prevents leaks and keeps moisture from reaching clothing
– Adhesive strips: Allow the pad to stay securely in place in underwear
– Breathable materials: Some premium pads use microporous films for better air circulation

This layer must be strong enough to prevent leaks while remaining comfortable against clothing.

## Additional Components

Modern sanitary pads may also incorporate:

– Side barriers: Prevent side leakage
– Fragrance additives: For odor control (though these may cause irritation for some users)
– Wetness indicators: Help users know when to change the pad
– Biodegradable materials: Eco-friendly alternatives gaining popularity

## Quality Considerations

Manufacturers must carefully select materials that are:

– Hypoallergenic to minimize skin irritation
– Free from harmful chemicals and toxins
– Durable enough to maintain structure during use
– Environmentally responsible where possible

The combination and quality of these raw materials directly affect the pad’s performance, comfort, and safety for users.